Author: system
撰文：教育專家張作芳校長
不知道大家曾否聽過某電視劇集的主題曲 「擁抱愛」？本人很喜歡其中的數句歌詞，寥寥數字就帶出了「家」的特性：家是一個『遮風擋雨』的地方，如你的『後盾』，在你「困倦」時，家的大門總會為你打開。當中提到的「愛」，便是那份由你出生那一刻便已注定，血濃於水的親情。的而且確，有甚麼比親情來得更重要呢？當你失意的時候，家人會為你分憂，願意聆聽你的傾訴，陪伴你一同渡過難關；當你生病的時候，家人願意無條件地照顧你；在你學業或事業有成時，他們會打從心底裡高興，為你的成就感到驕傲。這種「愛」並不是金錢能換到的。
我校今年以「家庭」為主題，期望能使家長及同學明白親情的可貴。可惜，這份愛或許來得太易，自出世便擁有，因此有些人未懂得珍惜。有時候，從報章可見，一些青少年寧可在街上流連，也不願意回家；一些家庭終日爭吵，家彷彿變成了一個戰場；一些人甚至會為了瑣事而與家人動武，導致血案發生。以上列舉的只是冰山一角的例子，有時我會想，好好的一個家變成這樣，實在令人惋惜。
在家中應多說的三句話
如何才能建立和諧的家庭呢？教宗方濟各在談論家庭時曾提出「家庭生活三語」，即在家中應多說的三句話，分別是「謝謝」、「請問」及「對不起」。「謝謝」代表對家人感恩。很多時候，子女自小便被父母照顧，覺得一切理所當然。試想想，父母是否必須要為你準備早、午、晚三餐呢？是誰為你清洗衣服鞋襪，讓你有一個衛生條件較佳的生活環境呢？當你生病的時候，是誰衣不解帶地照顧你，晚上也起牀餵喂你吃藥呢？同學們，在父母照顧你的同時，不妨多說聲「謝謝」，有空時也可幫忙父母做家務，分擔他們的工作。事實上，當子女為父母完成家務後，父母也可向他們說句「謝謝」。現今社會，長輩擺出一副高高在上的姿態已不合時宜。要知道，各人在建立和諧的家庭上也有責任，不要認為某些工作必然是某家庭成員的責任。得到別人的幫助，就算是家人，也可說句「謝謝」。
「請問」代表對家人的尊重，對人有禮貌的表現。或許有人認為，既然是一家人，說話不用太客氣，應有話直說即可。事實上，「請問」不只叫我們說話客氣，而是提醒我們，說話內容要顧及家人的感受。有時候，人往往會為一些瑣事而鬧得面紅耳赤，認為凡事應據理力爭，就算對家人也應如此。但這樣做真的值得嗎？正如廣告所說：「贏了場交，輸了個家。」即使親如家人，還是慎言一點較好。
至於「對不起」，則代表求家人原諒。做錯了事，當然要有承擔的勇氣，向曾傷害的人說句「對不起」，是理所當然之事。同時，「對不起」也代表了與家人修補關係的契機。有時候，對錯是很難用三言兩語判斷的。又或者，事情根本就沒有對錯之分，只是大家的價值觀不同而已，偏偏很多時候，爭執就是由此而起。假如大家各不相讓，關係便會鬧得很僵。正所謂「退一步，海闊天空」，放下身段不代表要你屈服，也不是要你向事情妥協，反而是製造一個新的機遇，把問題以更好的方式解決。
古今中外都非常重視「家庭」的概念。天主說：「人單獨不好，我要給他造一個與他相稱的助手。」(創世紀 2:18)，天主安排我們在不同的團體中成長，而成長的第一個團體就是我們的家；至於孔子非常重視孝悌，認為它是做人、做學問的根本。各位，就讓我們從今天開始，多實踐「家庭生活三語」，共建和諧美好的家。
Parents Daily 為全港父母提供關於親子育兒、升學的豐富短片和內容，專輯內容包括「有星有Say」、「校長有話兒」等節目。我們以輕鬆活潑的方式為父母們提供培養孩子的資訊，更會邀請幼小校長、名人、資深教育工作者等分享教學、親子心得和實戰經驗，讓父母可以在這裡得到實用資訊之餘，更可認識更多互相分享、互相扶持的同行者。
Written by : Dr Chiu Cheung Shing
As soon as the season changes, both children and adults are susceptible to allergic rhinitis problems. For example, children may have difficulty in breathing due to allergic rhinitis, feel stuffy nose that affects their sleep quality, and have to wipe their noses all day long, and if the situation is serious, they may even suffer from sleep apnoea.
Allergic rhinitis can be caused by both congenital and acquired factors. Although it is difficult to cure allergic rhinitis due to congenital origin, if the acquired factors can be properly controlled, then the chance of children having the disease will be greatly reduced.
How to prevent allergic rhinitis caused by acquired factors?
Allergic rhinitis caused by acquired factors mainly include the following factors.
- allergens at home
- outdoor allergens
- some infectious diseases
As for the home, the more dust accumulated, the more likely to induce allergic rhinitis symptoms, so parents should be not only more frequent cleaning the bed for children, but also take away some of the stuffed animals and toys, and bed sheets, quilts and pillows and other things that are easy to hide dust, you need to wash with hot water at about 60 degrees, once every 4 days to clean the best.
If the outdoor environment is dusty, parents may need to close some of the windows to keep the air flowing and to reduce dust at the same time. It is also important to reduce the chance of infection, as once children have cross-infected each other at school, any virus can also worsen allergic rhinitis
In addition to reducing exposure to allergens and infections, we can also prevent allergic rhinitis in our daily life by sleeping and waking up early, doing the right amount of exercise and eating a proper diet, which will help a lot in preventing allergic rhinitis.
Is there a chance that allergic rhinitis will not recur?
Treatment of allergic rhinitis depends on how much the condition affects the child. If the effect is mild, home care or environmental control is sufficient. However, if the condition is more severe and causes frequent discomfort, oral medication and, if necessary, aerosol nasal spray may be required to reduce the discomfort.
If all environmental factors are controlled and treated with medication, in most cases, allergic rhinitis can be successfully controlled and may not recur.
Parents Daily 為全港父母提供關於親子育兒、升學的豐富短片和內容，專輯內容包括「有星有Say」、「校長有話兒」等節目。我們以輕鬆活潑的方式為父母們提供培養孩子的資訊，更會邀請幼小校長、名人、資深教育工作者等分享教學、親子心得和實戰經驗，讓父母可以在這裡得到實用資訊之餘，更可認識更多互相分享、互相扶持的同行者。
Written by : Dr Cheung Kit
Every child has his or her own characteristics. As a parent, you may not be able to tell what your child is trying to express by their expressions, behaviors and vocalizations. Take the example of a child’s reaction to dozing, the form of expression varies from
person to person.Some may cry, some may lose their temper, some may rub their eyes, or a variety of other reactions. Among the many reactions, in my position as a doctor,
the most unwanted habit is “rubbing eyes” because this will easily cause inflammation.
Eye inflammation is not caused by unclean hands？
Interestingly, the inflammation was not due to the child’s unclean hands, but to other
causes. In this case, the inflammation was not initially caused by bacteria, but by
a blockage of the secretory glands near the eyelashes. When the hand rubs against the
eye, the originally open ventral outlet is disrupted by the external pressure, causing
pressure in the gland as the oil cannot be expelled, which then causes an inflammatory reaction. This inflammatory reaction is superficially the same as a normal bacterial
inflammation. The difference is that in this case, antibiotics (topical and oral) are not
effective. The correct method is to do warm compresses for your eyes, which is
intended to open the blocked outlet and make the inflammation disappear slowly.
How to treat eye acne？
To treat an existing eye acne, besides seeing a doctor, the most basic method is to
do warm compresses as described above. Choose a reheatable heat pack or use a lightly heated towel. Do warm compresses for 5 minutes, 3 times a day. The need for
antibiotics is at the discretion of the doctor. However, the following principles apply.
– Whether the inflammation of the eye acne exceeds the normal case
– Is there any bacterial inflammation of the conjunctiva?
– Is the tissue around the eye red and painful?
– Whether the child is able to control his or her own eye rubbing to reduce the
possibility of bacterial inflammation
Early treatment of ophthalmia
If the inflammation is not controlled, the swelling may not disappear on its own. In this case, surgical release of the swelling is a must. Although it may sound scary, the
procedure is actually a simple one and only requires local anaesthesia. Therefore,
parents only need to follow the doctor’s advice and they can rest assured.
All in all, our biggest fear is not that our children’s hands are dirty, but that they keep rubbing eyes. If the eye infection is caused by nasal allergy, eye allergy and eczema, parents must take it seriously. Parents should feel free to use medication when they want to, without having to worry about how long it will take and the side effects that may occur.
Parents Daily 為全港父母提供關於親子育兒、升學的豐富短片和內容，專輯內容包括「有星有Say」、「校長有話兒」等節目。我們以輕鬆活潑的方式為父母們提供培養孩子的資訊，更會邀請幼小校長、名人、資深教育工作者等分享教學、親子心得和實戰經驗，讓父母可以在這裡得到實用資訊之餘，更可認識更多互相分享、互相扶持的同行者。
Written By: Founder of Kat-Spirit Nutrition Centre
Senior Dietitian Ng Yiu Fun
Many parents will bring their children to see me and say, “Is my son too thin? or “His bones are very obvious” or “Look, his ribs are visible, and his arms are still very small! In fact, many parents feel that their children are thin, but in fact, are these cases really thin?
In fact, whether it is thin or not, we have to look at the growth chart. If the child is below the growth line, he or she is considered thin. If the child is thin, there is no need to worry too much about health problems. Some parents may say, “No! His classmate next door eats a whole bowl of rice at every meal and eats a lot of meat, but compared to my son, who only eats a few bites of rice at every meal, he really eats too little! I have to find a way to catch up with the next classmate’s meal, so that he can have enough nutrition!
Many parents have a comparative mentality, and I believe that everyone’s needs are actually different. Some children may be really taller, but some children may be genetically influenced, relatively shorter and smaller-boned, so their needs are certainly not the same and their parents don’t need to worry too much.
I believe one thing we can do is to keep a happy mood when we eat at home, not to see if he eats every bite of rice, whether he “contains rice” or eats the whole bowl of rice, because constantly forcing him will only add pressure to the child when he eats. If we want him to eat a little more when he eats, it is actually very simple, just prepare a smaller portion of rice in the bowl, let him finish it, and then let him add more rice, so that he has a sense of success, but also help him increase his appetite.
In addition, the meal should not be too monotonous. Some parents say they have cooked their children’s favorite foods to suit their tastes in the hope that they will eat more, but unfortunately the results are not very good. Even if it’s a favorite food, it’s boring and tiresome, so they don’t eat it, which has the opposite effect. Therefore, parents should think of more colorful or different tasting dishes to make their children feel new and interesting, so that they will not feel bored and eat less.
Parents Daily 為全港父母提供關於親子育兒、升學的豐富短片和內容，專輯內容包括「有星有Say」、「校長有話兒」等節目。我們以輕鬆活潑的方式為父母們提供培養孩子的資訊，更會邀請幼小校長、名人、資深教育工作者等分享教學、親子心得和實戰經驗，讓父母可以在這裡得到實用資訊之餘，更可認識更多互相分享、互相扶持的同行者。
新冠肺炎爆發第五波，政府再次宣布暫停面授課堂，小朋友重返校園遙遙無期。家長除了要處理子女的在線學習外，更要留意網課為小朋友帶來的情緒影響。而部分家長亦同時在家工作，一家人困在家中，磨擦驟生，親子情緒健康都大受影響。
近日有研究顯示，近25%小朋友達到臨床水平的焦慮和抑鬱，而因疫情劇減的戶外活動和社交聚會，正是其中一個兒童心理狀態變差的原因。我們了解到家長可能會對在家進行在線學習或在家工作的安排感到擔憂和困惑，希望以下的4個方法能給多家長們一個參考，了解如何應對網課帶來的問題及幫助孩子保持心理健康。
1. 建立常規設定：每天恆常時間表
家長們可以先在家中建立一些常規讓自己和子女暫時抽離工作和學習，放鬆一下。在建立常規時可以加入一些動態活動舒展身體，例如跳繩和兒童瑜伽。我們也可以加入遊戲以增加趣味和親子互動，例如一起唱歌、跳舞師砌積木等。通過建立常規設定，我們不僅可以在家中建立一個固定時間表，讓孩子們可以在學習以外，有固定活動，減少他們對網課的不安，家長也可以利用這個機會更了解孩子和增進親子關係。
2. 舉辦網上社交活動
網課的另一個問題是阻礙了孩子的社交發展。學校是讓孩子發展社交的媒介，除了結交新朋友，孩子也可以透過擔任不同角色去學習不同社交技巧。在網課期間，除了結交新朋友較以往困難，在禁止社交聚會的情況下孩子們也較難加深友誼。所以我們建議舉辦線上活動，例如線上生日派對及線上遊戲等來增加孩子們在之間的互動。適當的線上活動能補足因疫情而失去的互動，也能讓孩子們更容易在線上認識朋友及增進友誼，在網課期間互相支持及鼓勵。
3. 加入家長靜觀互助小組
要孩子維持良好心理狀態，除了孩子自身，家長亦有很大影響。所以要協助孩子，家長們首先也要擁有健康心理狀態。家長不但可以透過互助小組相互支持，還可以分享不同靜觀教養技巧，用不同方法去協助孩子們應對網課安排。
其中一個靜觀教養練習是呼吸空間，孩子們在深呼吸的時候，可以引導他們去冷靜自己及用天氣去描述自己的情緒，家長可以透過天氣描述例如晴天、陰天及多雲等，去了解孩子的心情，恆常的練習也可以讓孩子的情緒更為穩定。家長們不僅可以透過互助小組分享自己育兒上的難處，也能汲取其他家長們的經驗和建議去幫助子女，及在這個艱難的時刻互相扶持。
4. 在危難中的「機會」
在不能預測以及多變的環境中，人的成長總會遇到不同的挑戰與困難。我們希望下一代在溫室中長大如小花一般，還是像這一代的小孩子，成為暴風雨中的堅強小草呢？家長們可以透過靜觀的呼吸練習，在風雨中找到一份安穩，默想在這兩年的艱難時刻，孩子們最大得着與成長是甚麼呢？資訊科技的能力、自理能力、堅韌性（resilience) 及照顧弟妹的愛心等等。可能還有更多是我們沒有留意到的正面改變。
總括而言，家長們可以透過建立每天恆常時間表、組織線上活動，及加入家長靜觀互助小組等去幫助自己和孩子適應網課的安排和保持良好的心理狀態。我們了解突如其來的網課安排讓家長和孩子們難以適應，但是孩子是有韌性的，只要我們作為家長提供足夠支持，改變一下心態，想一想在危難中孩子所得到的機會以及成長，即使在網課的情況下，我們相信孩子們也能茁壯成長。
Parents Daily 為全港父母提供關於親子育兒、升學的豐富短片和內容，專輯內容包括「有星有Say」、「校長有話兒」等節目。我們以輕鬆活潑的方式為父母們提供培養孩子的資訊，更會邀請幼小校長、名人、資深教育工作者等分享教學、親子心得和實戰經驗，讓父母可以在這裡得到實用資訊之餘，更可認識更多互相分享、互相扶持的同行者。
撰文：聖文德天主教小學張偉菁校長
小朋友在家上學，媽媽也要在家工作，同時兼顧家務和照顧小孩，難免會覺得十分疲累。 媽媽走到客廳，看見小朋友灑滿一地的玩具，頓時感到憤怒，忍不住便責罵孩子。但其實家長可以使用「愛的語言」教導孩子，冷靜又有愛地解決問題。
筆者個人很欣賞一個嬰兒配方奶粉廣告。一開始時，一個 ２、３ 歲的小朋友在屋內走來走去，搬動很多不同類型的玩具到後花園的泥地上玩耍，過程中把泥土和碎石等帶進屋內，當然過程中少不了跌得滿地的玩具。媽媽看到後，臉色一沉，大戰似乎一觸即發。小朋友看見媽媽的臉色後，亦似乎意識到媽媽的怒氣。怎料鏡頭一轉，媽媽竟從背後取出一副「女飛賊」式的眼鏡，對孩子扮鬼臉。於是烏雲散盡，母女擁作一團，原本的低氣壓被笑聲爆破，藏身於窗簾後的爸爸也可放心繼續「嘆」他的咖啡了。
聰明的廣告創作人給我們上了一課：更糟的事情也可以有令人喜悅的解決辦法。
解決問題只取決於態度
媽媽們在甚麼時候對家人最不滿呢？不是在母親節收不到禮物，亦不是丈夫和孩子忘記了妳們的生日，更不是為家人預備飯餐 ─ 而是在辛辛苦苦忙完家務之後，家中的其他成員卻任意地把原本整齊的客廳弄得亂七八糟！大家有同感嗎？
假如以上的事情發生在妳的身上，妳會如何處理呢？大吵大鬧？還是罵孩子罵丈夫呢？
有一個母親在廚房裡忙了一個上午，午餐也準備好了。當她到客廳時，只見到滿地玩具。她先喝杯冷水，就對不足 3 歲的孩子說：「啊！滿地的玩具，都是你玩過的嗎？」孩子笑嘻嘻點頭。「媽媽做了很多家務，現在很累了，我需要你幫忙，把玩具收拾好，你可以幫媽媽這個忙嗎？」她說。孩子開開心心的開始收拾玩具了。
觀察、感受、需要、請求
這個媽媽用了一個很有效的策略去教導孩子，這策略就是「愛的語言」。她首先「觀察」情況，冷靜地了解問題，代替直接斷言是孩子把客廳弄亂。她再而說出自己當時的「感受」（媽媽很累了），然後她清楚坦白地表達她的「需要」（把玩具收拾好），最後以摯誠的態度表達出她的「請求」，所以孩子可以在她清楚的表達中收到準確的信息，知道如何配合母親，不需要胡亂猜測媽媽發怒的原因。
家庭幸福要刻意經營，家中每一個成員必須讓「愛」融入生活之中。愛包含忍耐，日常生活的溝通中，要冷靜觀察，要說出感受，要提出需要，更要表達請求。家人相處最忌互相指責猜疑，有期盼就要坦白表示，藉著上述4個要素，誠實地表達和關切地傾聽。家庭是一個「愛」的組合，「愛」這個字看似簡單，實則它千變萬化，隨時間而遷移。它如一顆種子，要相愛的人去灌溉、去栽培。孩子有時的確難教，但只要我們肯放下自己的成見，營造「愛的語言」這種非暴力的溝通方法，父母子女必定獲得和諧和幸福。
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